During translation, what is the role of tRNA?

During translation, the primary role of tRNA (transfer RNA) is to bring amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific codon on the mRNA (messenger RNA). This ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain according to the sequence dictated by the mRNA.

As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, tRNA molecules sequentially bring the appropriate amino acids based on the codon-anticodon pairing. Once an amino acid is positioned at the ribosome, peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids, leading to the elongation of the polypeptide chain. This process is crucial for translating the genetic code into functional proteins, which play vital roles in cellular functions.

In contrast to other choices, tRNA does not carry genetic information itself, does not synthesize mRNA, and while it contributes to the formation of polypeptide chains, its main role during translation is the delivery of amino acids to the ribosome.