During which process is a polypeptide chain built from mRNA?

The process during which a polypeptide chain is built from mRNA is translation. In translation, the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA is read by ribosomes, and this sequence is used to assemble amino acids into a specific polypeptide chain. Each set of three nucleotides, known as a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal in the protein synthesis process. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, ensuring that they are added in the correct order as dictated by the mRNA. This results in the formation of a polypeptide, which then undergoes folding and modifications to function as a protein.

Transcription refers to the process by which the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA, so while it is crucial for the synthesis of mRNA, it does not involve the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide.

Replication involves the duplication of DNA, ensuring that each new cell has a complete set of genetic information, but it does not play a role in the synthesis of polypeptides from mRNA.

Translocation generally refers to the movement of ribosomes along the mRNA strand during translation or the movement of chromosomal segments,