What are bacterial plasmids?

Bacterial plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA that are distinct from the chromosomal DNA found in bacteria. They can replicate independently within the bacterial cell and often carry genes that provide advantages to the bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to metabolize unusual substances. Plasmids can also be transferred between bacteria through a process called conjugation, contributing to genetic diversity and adaptability in bacterial populations.

The importance of plasmids lies in their role in genetic engineering and biotechnology, as scientists can manipulate these small DNA molecules to insert or modify genes, allowing for the study and application of genetics in various fields.