What characterizes convergent evolution?

Convergent evolution is characterized by species from different evolutionary lineages independently developing similar traits as a response to similar environmental challenges or ecological niches. This phenomenon occurs because, despite having different ancestral backgrounds, these species face analogous selective pressures that lead to the evolution of similar adaptations.

For instance, the streamlined body shape of dolphins and sharks exemplifies convergent evolution, as both have adapted to life in the water, yet they belong to entirely different groups of organisms. The similarity in their physical traits is not due to a shared heritage but rather due to similar functional requirements in their environments.

In contrast, the other options relate to different evolutionary concepts. Shared ancestry is a hallmark of divergent evolution, while extinct species reappearing relates to concepts like living fossils. Genetic divergence typically indicates a species diverging from a common ancestor, leading to diverse traits rather than similar ones. Understanding these concepts clarifies why the characteristic of convergent evolution focuses solely on the independent development of similar traits among unrelated species.