What distinguishes steroid hormones from other types of hormones?

Steroid hormones are distinct because they are derived from cholesterol. This characteristic sets them apart from other hormone types, particularly peptide and amine hormones, which are typically derived from amino acids. The structure of steroid hormones is characterized by a core structure of four fused carbon rings, allowing them to easily pass through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors. This binding often leads to changes in gene expression and the production of proteins in target cells.

In contrast, hormones derived from amino acids, proteins, or short chains of amino acids do not possess this cholesterol-derived structure, impacting their mechanism of action and solubility in the bloodstream. Understanding the biochemical origins of steroid hormones highlights their unique properties and functions within physiological processes.