What does the term 'glycoproteins' refer to?

Glycoproteins refer to proteins that have carbohydrate groups attached to them. This modification typically occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus during protein processing. The covalent addition of carbohydrates to proteins plays a crucial role in various biological functions, such as cell recognition, signaling, and immune responses. Glycoproteins are commonly found on the surface of cells and can serve as receptors or play roles in cell-cell communication. Their structure can influence their stability, activity, and the way they interact with other biomolecules. This attachment of carbohydrate moieties is significant for the functionality of the protein, particularly in processes such as cell adhesion and the immune response.