What is the effect of crossing over on genetic variability?

Crossing over is a process that occurs during meiosis, specifically in prophase I, where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic material. This exchange results in new combinations of alleles, leading to greater genetic variability among the gametes produced. As a result, when fertilization occurs, the offspring inherit a unique mix of genetic traits from both parents, enhancing the genetic diversity of a population.

This mechanism is a key factor in evolution and natural selection, as increased genetic diversity gives a population a better chance to adapt to changing environments. By facilitating the mixing of genetic material, crossing over contributes significantly to the diversity observed within species.