What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is the modification and packaging of proteins. This organelle plays a crucial role in the post-translational processing of proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Once proteins are synthesized in the rough ER, they are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they undergo further modifications, such as glycosylation or phosphorylation.

After these modifications, the Golgi apparatus sorts and packages the proteins into vesicles, directing them either to their destination within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. This is vital for ensuring that proteins are properly processed and delivered to where they are needed to function correctly, whether they are enzymes, hormones, or structural proteins.

Understanding the role of the Golgi apparatus provides insight into how cells manage and regulate their internal processes, emphasizing its importance in cellular functions and overall homeostasis.