What is the significance of histones in eukaryotic cells?

Histones play a crucial role in the structure and function of eukaryotic cells, primarily by assisting in the formation and structuring of chromosomes. These proteins are positively charged and interact with the negatively charged DNA, facilitating the tight packing of DNA into a condensed form that can fit within the nucleus. This packaging is essential during cell division, as it ensures that chromosomes are organized properly and can be distributed accurately between daughter cells. By wrapping around DNA, histones create nucleosomes, which form the fundamental units of chromatin, thereby influencing gene expression and regulation. This organization allows for not only the structural integrity of chromosomes but also the accessibility of DNA for processes like transcription and replication.