What is the structure that surrounds the nucleus, providing protection and containing nuclear pores?

The structure that surrounds the nucleus, providing protection and containing nuclear pores, is the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope consists of two lipid bilayer membranes: an inner membrane that is closely associated with the nuclear contents and an outer membrane that interacts with the endoplasmic reticulum. The presence of nuclear pores, which are large protein complexes, allows for selective transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, ensuring that essential materials such as RNA and proteins can exit and enter the nucleus as needed. This protective dual-membrane structure is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the genetic material within the nucleus and facilitating the regulation of gene expression and cellular activity.