What occurs to blood sugar levels when glucagon is released?

When glucagon is released, it plays a critical role in regulating blood sugar levels, particularly when they are low. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas, and its primary role is to increase blood glucose levels.

When glucose levels in the blood decrease, glucagon is secreted into the bloodstream and acts mainly on the liver. It stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose through a process called glycogenolysis. Additionally, glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, further contributing to an increase in blood glucose levels.

As a result of these actions, blood sugar levels rise in response to glucagon, counteracting hypoglycemia and ensuring that sufficient glucose is available for cellular metabolism, especially for organs like the brain that rely heavily on glucose for energy. This regulatory mechanism is vital for maintaining homeostasis in the body.