What physiological response occurs to the smooth muscles at the base of hair follicles when temperature rises?

When the temperature rises, the smooth muscles at the base of hair follicles undergo relaxation. This response is part of the body's mechanism to regulate temperature through the process of thermoregulation.

In warm conditions, the body seeks to dissipate excess heat, which is vital for maintaining a stable internal temperature. When the smooth muscles relax, the hair follicles become more erect, resulting in a phenomenon often referred to as "goosebumps" or piloerection. However, in warm temperatures, the main effect is that the hair lays flat against the skin, which helps increase airflow to assist in cooling.

This physiological response also aids in promoting greater blood flow to the skin surface, facilitating heat loss through the process of convection. Consequently, through the relaxation of these muscles, the body effectively enhances its ability to cool down in response to rising temperatures.