What role does the internal membrane of mitochondria play?

The internal membrane of mitochondria plays a crucial role in energy production, primarily due to the presence of cristae, which are the infoldings of this membrane. These cristae increase the surface area available for the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis, which are vital components of cellular respiration.

During this process, electrons are transferred through a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane, ultimately leading to the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The configuration of the cristae allows for efficient proton gradient formation, necessary for ATP generation via oxidative phosphorylation. This function is central to the role of mitochondria as the powerhouse of the cell.

The other options, while related to cellular functions, do not accurately describe the primary role of the internal mitochondrial membrane. For instance, DNA replication occurs within the mitochondrial matrix, not on the inner membrane itself. Ribosomal RNA synthesis takes place in the nucleolus of the nucleus rather than in the mitochondria. Additionally, the storage of metabolic waste is managed by various cellular mechanisms but is not a function attributed to the internal membrane of mitochondria. Thus, option C accurately reflects the pivotal role of the internal membrane in energy production.