Which sequence describes binary fission?

Binary fission is a common method of asexual reproduction used by prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria. The correct description of this process includes the replication of DNA, followed by the cell's elongation and eventual splitting.

In the context of option C, protein synthesis occurs as the cell prepares for division, which supports the growth and function of the cell leading up to fission. The replication of DNA is crucial because each of the two resulting daughter cells needs to end up with a complete set of genetic material. Finally, the cell membrane pinching is a defining characteristic of binary fission, where the cell undergoes a process called cytokinesis, resulting in two separate, genetically identical cells.

In contrast, other sequences do not accurately represent binary fission. For instance, mentioning apoptosis—programmed cell death—in conjunction with cell division does not relate to the binary fission process, as it involves the cessation of cellular function rather than reproduction. Other options discuss processes like cellular respiration or the rupturing of the cell membrane, which do not occur as described in the standard binary fission model. Thus, option C accurately encapsulates the essential steps in binary fission.