Which structure brings blood into the glomerulus for filtration?

The structure that brings blood into the glomerulus for filtration is the afferent arteriole. This small artery branches from the renal artery and is responsible for supplying blood to the glomerulus, which is a network of tiny blood vessels located within the nephron of the kidney. As blood flows into the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole, it undergoes a filtration process, where water, ions, and small molecules are filtered out, forming what will eventually become urine.

The other structures mentioned have different roles in the renal system. The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus after filtration has occurred. The renal vein is responsible for returning filtered blood back to the circulation by draining blood from the kidneys, while the renal artery supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys but does not directly participate in the filtration process at the glomerulus. Understanding the function of each of these structures helps clarify their roles in the kidney's overall function and the filtration process.