Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the type of RNA that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by carrying amino acids to the ribosome. Each tRNA molecule is specific to a particular amino acid and has an anticodon that pairs with the corresponding codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA). This process ensures that the correct amino acids are added in the proper sequence to build a polypeptide chain, ultimately forming proteins.

While mRNA serves as the template that conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) serves as a structural and functional component of the ribosome itself, facilitating the translation process. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is involved in gene regulation and silencing rather than protein synthesis. Thus, tRNA's unique role in transporting amino acids to the ribosome is vital for the synthesis of proteins according to the instructions coded in mRNA.